Portable power system

ABSTRACT

A power management system and method are disclosed. The system can be a high availability power delivery system. The system can be GPS tracked. The system can have multiple batteries, multiple input power sources, and multiple loads. The system can switch between the multiple batteries and the power source to deliver power to the load. The system can ensure there will always be an input power source to power the load.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No.61/896,587, filed on Oct. 28, 2013, and 62/054,858, filed on Sep. 24,2014, the content of which are incorporated herein by reference in theirentireties.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

A power management system and method are disclosed. The system can be ahigh availability power delivery system. The system can be GPS tracked.

2. Description of the Related Art

Power management systems are networks of electrical components used fordelivery of power to loads. Power systems are intended to condition thepower, which is to say that the voltage and current delivered to theloads are regulated to insure consistency of power delivery. Powermanagement systems often condition the power supply before delivery tothe load, regulating the delivered current and voltage to suit the load.

Some power management systems have batteries that receive electricityfrom power inputs. The batteries can then supplement the power inputs,either providing power to the load concurrent with the power inputs, orwhen the power inputs are turned off or not available, such as astandard Uninterrupted (or Uninterruptible) Power Supply (UPS).

Batteries can only store incoming power at a limited rate. Accordingly,charging subsystems within power management systems may receiveelectrical power from power sources such as solar panels or a fixed 120V line (e.g., from a wall outlet connected to a municipal or othergovernmental utility power supply) faster than the batteries in thepower management system can absorb the charge, and some available powerwill be lost, for example as heat.

Power management systems may also have no or one battery. The use of abattery at least helps increase power uptime when a usually-dependablepower input, such as a power line, fails, but does not account for thepower line and the battery. Thus, power delivery failure of thesesystems still occurs.

Also, power management systems often have a singular type of poweroutput. That is, the power management system may be designed to outputelectricity at one fixed voltage and one fixed current.

Accordingly, a power management system that can store high rates ofpower into a backup battery is desired. A power management system withhigher-availability (e.g., more uptime) than a typical single-batterysystem is desired. Furthermore, a power management system with differentoutput voltages and currents to power different types of load currentand load voltage demands is desired.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A power management system is disclosed. The power management system canhave a first battery having a first battery voltage, a second batteryhaving a second battery voltage, a first capacitor bank attached to thefirst battery, and a second capacitor bank attached to the secondbattery. The power management system can have a power management elementconfigured to route current from the first capacitor bank to the firstbattery when the first battery voltage is less than a first full batteryvoltage. When the current from the first capacitor bank is routed to thefirst battery and when the second battery voltage is less than a secondfull battery voltage, the power management element can be configured toroute current from the second capacitor bank to the second battery.

The power management system can have a satellite navigation receiverattached to the system. The power management system can have a powerconditioning circuit. The power conditioning circuit can have a DC-to-DCconverter configured to output a constant load input current and aconstant load input voltage. The power management system can beconfigured to sense the first battery voltage, the second batteryvoltage, the current from the first capacitor bank, and the current fromthe second capacitor bank. The power management system can have a firstpower source and a third capacitor bank. The first power source can beconfigured to deliver energy to the third capacitor bank. The powermanagement system can have a first power source configured to deliverenergy to the first capacitor bank or the second capacitor bank.

The first capacitor bank can have a first capacitor having a first fullcapacitor voltage, a second capacitor having a second full capacitorvoltage, a third capacitor having a third full capacitor voltage, afourth capacitor having a fourth full capacitor voltage, and a fifthcapacitor having a fifth full capacitor voltage. The first fullcapacitor voltage, the second full capacitor voltage, the third fullcapacitor voltage, the fourth full capacitor voltage, and the fifth fullcapacitor voltage can have the same voltage.

The power management element can have a microprocessor. The powermanagement element can have a comparator. The power management systemcan have a voltage divider configured to send the current from the firstcapacitor bank to the first battery in 2.7 V increments. The powermanagement system can have a voltage divider configured to send currentfrom the second capacitor bank to the second battery in 2.7 Vincrements. The power management system can have a temperaturemanagement element and a temperature sensor, wherein the system isconfigured to be cooled when the system detects a temperature from thetemperature sensor greater than an optimal temperature. The temperaturemanagement element can have at least one of a peltier junction or apiezo-electric plate.

The power management system can have a first capacitor bank, a secondcapacitor bank, a first power source configured to deliver energy to thefirst capacitor bank, and a battery. The second capacitor bank isconfigured to discharge current to the battery.

The power management system can have a second power source and a thirdcapacitor bank. The third capacitor bank can be configured to receiveenergy from at least one of the first power source or the second powersource. The first power source can have at least one of a solar panel, awind turbine, or a fixed line. The first capacitor bank has less than orequal to 13.5 V. The power management system can have a satellitenavigation receiver attached to the system.

The power management system can have a method for charging a firstbattery and a second battery. The method can determine a first voltagefrom the first battery; determine a second voltage from the secondbattery; route a first current from a first capacitor bank coupled tothe first battery when the first voltage is less than a first fullbattery voltage; and route a second current from a second capacitor bankcoupled to the second battery when the second voltage is less than asecond full battery voltage. The method can charge a third capacitorbank from a first power source.

The power management system can have a method for charging a firstbattery and a second battery. The method can charge a first battery witha first capacitor bank; charge a second battery with a third secondcapacitor bank; receive current from a power source to a third capacitorbank; and switch the third capacitor bank with the first capacitor bankwhen the first capacitor bank is less than an optimal capacitor voltagesuch that the first capacitor can receive current from the power sourceand the third capacitor bank can change the first battery. The optimalcapacitor voltage can be from about 0 V to about 2 V.

The power management system can have a method for charging a firstbattery and a second battery. The method can measure a first voltagefrom a first power source; measure a second voltage from a second powersource; select the first power source or the second power source;receive a first current from the first power source or the second powersource by a first capacitor bank; and discharge the current from thefirst capacitor bank to the first battery or the second battery. Thereceiving can occur in increments of 2.7 V. The system can select thefirst power source when the first voltage is greater than the secondvoltage. The system can manually select the first power source or thesecond power source by a user.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates a variation of components in a portable powermanagement system.

FIG. 2 a illustrates a variation of a flowchart describing the method tocharge and store energy of the portable power management system.

FIGS. 2 b and 2 c illustrate a variation of rotating the capacitor banksto charge the batteries.

FIG. 3 a illustrates a variation of the method in which the power sourceis selected manually.

FIG. 3 b illustrates a variation of the method in which the power sourceis selected automatically on the first battery charge block.

FIG. 3 c illustrates a variation of the method in which the power sourceis selected automatically on the second battery charge block.

FIG. 4 illustrates a variation of the power source charging the battery.

FIG. 5 illustrates a variation of the physical connections of thecapacitor banks.

FIG. 6 a illustrates a variation of a logic table where the firstbattery can be fully charged and the second battery can have a lowcharge.

FIGS. 6 b and 6 c illustrate a variation of a method for charging thesecond battery while the first battery is not being charged.

FIG. 7 a illustrates a variation of a logic table where the firstbattery can have a low charge and the second battery can be fullycharged.

FIGS. 7 b and 7 c illustrate a variation of a method for charging thefirst battery while the second battery is not being charged.

FIG. 8 a illustrates a variation of a logic table where the firstbattery can have a low charge and the second battery can have a lowcharge.

FIG. 8 b illustrates a variation of a method for charging the firstbattery and the second battery.

FIG. 9 a illustrates a variation of a logic table where the firstbattery can be fully charged and the second battery can be fullycharged.

FIG. 9 b illustrates a variation of a method for not charging the firstbattery and the second battery.

FIGS. 10 a and 10 b illustrate a variation of the flowchart and blockdiagram of the automatic temperature management circuit.

FIG. 11 illustrates a variation of the block diagram of the satellitenavigation receiver.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

FIG. 1 illustrates that the power management system 100 can be a highavailability (e.g., at least two or more batteries), GPS tracked powermanagement system. The thin lines can represent connections betweencomponents. The thick arrows can represent current flow. The powermanagement system 100 can be portable. The power management system 100can have a power source 101, a satellite navigation receiver 227, athermal control 225, a cooling element 226, a power switch block 224, afirst battery 206, a second battery 213, a first battery charge block222, a second battery charge block 223, or any combination thereof.

The power management system 100 can have at least a first power source101 a, a second power source 101 b, a third power source, a fourth powersource, and/or a fifth power source. The first power source 101 a andthe second power source 101 b can be connected (e.g., electricallyconnected, electrically connected such that current flows in onedirection, electrically connected such that current flows in bothdirections, physically connected) to one another. The power sourceinputs can be 1.5 V DC, 2.7 V DC, 3 V DC, 3.3 V DC, 5 V DC, 6 V DC, 7.5V DC, 9 V DC, 12 V DC, or any combination thereof. The combined inputpower for the power sources 101 can be between about 70 watts and about100 watts. The first power source 101 a and the second power source 101b can have different voltages. The first power source 101 a and thesecond power source 101 b can have the same voltages. The power source101 can include car alternators, AC power, solar panels, wind turbines,other DC power sources, fixed lines, AC to DC converters from fixedlines, power generators, other alternative energy sources, or anycombination thereof.

The satellite navigation receiver can be a global positioning systemchip, a global positioning system receiver, a global positioning systemtransmitter, for example, global positioning system (GPS) transmitter227. The GPS transmitter 227 can be connected to a device 200 (e.g., aload, a portable video security unit). The GPS transmitter can beconnected to the first battery charge block 222 and/or the secondbattery charge block 223. The GPS transmitter can be located between thefirst battery charge block 222 and the second battery charge block 223.The GPS transmitter 227 can track the location of the power managementsystem 100 and/or the device 200. The location of the GPS transmitter227 can be displayed on any computer, browser, mobile device,application, graphical user interface supported by the GPS transmitter227, or any combination thereof. The GPS transmitter 227 can be poweredby the power source 101, a first battery 206, a second battery 213, orany combination thereof.

The thermal control 225 can be powered by the power source 101, thefirst battery 206, the second battery 213, or any combination thereof.The thermal control 225 can have sensors. The sensors can detect thetemperature of the power management system 100 and/or the device 200.

The cooling elements 226 can be connected to the thermal control 225.The cooling elements 226 can be thermoelectric peltier cooling modules,piezo-electric plates, fans, liquid, gel, or any combination thereof.The cooling element 226 can be activated based on the settings of thethermal control 225.

The power switch block 224 can have an eleventh relay element 211 and/ora fourth relay element 209. The power switch block 224 can be connectedto the device 200. The power switch block 224 can control the currentflow of the first battery 206 and/or the current flow of the secondbattery 213 into the device 200.

The power management system 100 can have at least one, two, three, four,five, or more batteries. The first battery 206 and the second battery213 can be connected to the power switch block 224 and/or relayelements. The batteries 206,213 can have a full battery voltage. Thefirst full battery voltage can be different than the second full batteryvoltage. The second full battery voltage can be the same as the firstfull battery voltage. The first battery 206 can have a first batteryvoltage. The second battery 213 can have a second battery voltage. Thefirst battery voltage can be the same as the second battery voltage. Thefirst battery voltage can be different than the second battery voltage.The battery voltage can be the voltage read by the voltage detectors207, 216. The full battery voltage and/or the battery voltage can beabout 1.5 V, about 2.7 V, about 3 V, about 3.3 V, about 5 V, about 6 V,about 7.5 V, about 9 V, about 12 V, or any combination thereof. Forexample, the first full battery voltage can be 12 V while the secondfull battery voltage can be 2.7 V. The first full battery voltage can be12 V and the second full battery voltage can be 12 V. The batteries206,213 can be a 12 V Li-Ion battery.

The first battery charge block 222 can have a first automatic powermanagement circuit 201. The first automatic power management circuit 201can be connected to the power source 101. The first automatic powermanagement circuit 201 can manage multiple input power sources 101. Thefirst automatic power management circuit 201 can have a logic tablecontrol method. The logic table control method can select at least oneor more power sources 101. The first automatic power management circuit201 can constantly charge batteries 206,213 and/or capacitor banks 300.For example, the first automatic power management circuit 201 cancombine multiple power sources 101 to charge batteries 206,213 and/orcapacitor banks 300. The first automatic power management circuit 201can regulate the power to the device 200.

The first battery charge block 222 can have a first super chargingcircuit 103. The first super charging circuit 103 can have a first supercapacitor charging circuit 202 and/or a first Li-Ion charging circuit203. The output of the super capacitor charging circuit 202 can beconnected to the input of the Li-Ion charging circuit 203. The firstsuper charging circuit 103, the first super charging capacitor circuit202, the first Li-Ion charging circuit 203, or any combination thereofcan be connected to the automatic power management circuit 201, the GPStransmitter 227, the thermal control 225, the first battery 206, or anycombination thereof.

The first super charging circuit 103 can immediately store current intocapacitors 302 (e.g., capacitors designed for rapid charge and dischargeof current, supercapacitors, ultracapacitors) from the power source 101.The first super charging circuit 103 can rapidly charge and dischargecurrent from the capacitors 302. The first super charging circuit 103can charge and/or discharge current in increments of 1 V DC, 2 V DC, 2.7V DC, 3 V DC, or any combination thereof. The first super chargingcircuit 103 can provide constant discharge of current to the firstbattery 206. For example, the super charging circuit 103 can storeoutput power into 12 V DC li-Ion batteries and 2.7 V DC capacitorsconcurrently. The super charging circuit 103 can charge and/or storeenergy with combined input power from about 70 watts to about 100 watts.

The first super charging circuit 103, the first super charging capacitorcircuit 202, the first Li-Ion charging circuit 203, or any combinationthereof can send current (e.g., output current) (concurrently whensending current to the capacitors 302 and/or battery 206) to the GPStransmitter 227 and/or the thermal control 225.

The first battery charge block 222 can have a first current balancemanagement circuit 105. The first current balance management circuit 105can be connected to the first super charging circuit 103 and/or thepower switch block 224. The first current balance management circuit 105can have a first relay element 204, a second relay element 205, a thirdrelay element (e.g., a first voltage detector 207), a fourth relayelement 209, a fifth relay element 210, or any combination thereof. Therelay elements can be connected to one another. The relay elements canbe connected to the first super charging circuit 103 or any othercomponent of the power management system 100.

The first battery charge block 222 can have a first voltage detector207. The first voltage detector 207 can be a low voltage detector. Thefirst voltage detector 207 can be connected to the first current balancemanagement circuit 105, the first battery 206, any relay element, or anycombination thereof. The first voltage detector 207 can be connectedbefore or after the first current balance management circuit 105. Thefirst voltage detector 207 can be connected before or after the firstsuper charging circuit 103. The first voltage detector 207 can beconnected before or after the first automatic power management circuit201. The first voltage detector 207 can be connected after the powersource 101. The first voltage detector 107 can detect voltage. The firstvoltage detector 207 can detect voltage from the first battery 206. Thefirst voltage detector 207 can have a set reference voltage (describedbelow). The first voltage detector 207 can display the voltage and/orthe current on a display screen.

The first battery charge block 222 can have a first output switch. Thevoltage detector can have the first output switch. The power switch canhave the first output switch. The first output switch can enable ordisable charging of the battery. The output switch can have a setreference voltage.

The power management system 100 can have current sensors. The currentsensors can detect the current. The current sensors can be locatedbefore the automatic power management circuit 201. The current sensorcan be located before or after the current management circuit 105.

The second battery charge block 223 can have a second automatic powermanagement circuit 221, a second supercharging circuit 109, a secondcurrent balance management circuit 110, or any combination thereof. Thesecond automatic power management circuit 221 can have a sixth relayelement 218, a seventh relay element 217, an eighth relay element (e.g.,a second voltage detector 216), a ninth relay element 215, a tenth relayelement 214, a second output switch, or any combination thereof. Thecomponents of the second battery charge block 223 can be similar to thecomponents of the first battery charge block 222.

The first battery charge block 222 can be the primary charge block. Thefirst battery charge block 222 can be the secondary charge block. Thesecond battery charge block 223 can be the primary charge block. Thesecond battery charge block 223 can be the secondary charge block. Thefirst battery charge block 222 and the second battery charge block 223can be on the same electronic board. The first battery charge block 222and the second battery charge block 223 can be on different electronicboards. For example, the first automatic power management circuit 201,the first supercharging circuit 103, the first current balancemanagement circuit 105, the first voltage detector 207, or anycombination thereof can be on a first electronic board. The secondautomatic power management circuit 221, the second supercharging circuit109, the second current balance management circuit 110, the secondvoltage detector 216, or any combination thereof can be on a secondelectronic board. The power source 101, cooling element 226, thermalcontrol 225, the GPS transmitter 227, the power switch block 224, thefirst battery 206, the second battery 213, the device 200, or anycombinations thereof can be on the first electronic board, the secondelectronic board, a third electronic board, or any combination thereof.The power source 101, cooling element 226, thermal control 225, the GPStransmitter 227, the power switch block 224, the first battery 206, thesecond battery 213, the device 200, or any combinations thereof can beconnected to the first battery charge block 222 and/or the secondbattery charge block 223.

The current balance management circuits 105, 110 can control thecurrent. The current balance management circuits 105, 110 can generatecurrent and voltage levels to match the logic table conditions. Thecurrent balance management circuits 105, 110 can balance currentdischarge between the first battery 206 and the second battery 213. Whenthe power source 101 is unavailable and both the first battery 206 andthe second battery 213 are below the set reference voltages (e.g., fullbattery voltage, optimal battery voltage), the current balancemanagement circuits 105, 110 can cascade and/or combine battery currentto power the device 200. For example, if there is insufficient energyfrom the power source 101, then the current balance management circuits105, 110 can switch to the first battery 206 to power the device 200. Ifthe first battery 206 is below the set reference voltage, then thecurrent balance management circuits 105, 110 can switch to the secondbattery 213 to power the device 200. If the second battery 213 thenfalls below the set reference voltage, then the remaining current fromthe first battery 206 and the second battery 213 can be combined toprovide power to the device 200.

The set reference voltage can be from about 0 V to about 12 V, forexample, about 1 V, about 2 V, about 3 V, about 4 V, about 5 V, about 6V, about 7 V, about 8 V, about 9 V, about 10 V, about 11 V, or about11.5 V. The set reference voltage can be different for the first battery206 and the second battery 213. The set reference voltage can be thesame for the first battery 206 and the second battery 213.

FIG. 2 a illustrates that when the power management system 100 isactivated, the power management system 100 can select between the powersources 101 a, 101 b based on which power source has the highest inputcurrent (e.g., optimal input current). The power source 101 can directlypower the device 200. Concurrently, the power management system 100 cansend energy from the power source 101 to a first capacitor bank 300 a.At the same time or at a different time of sending energy from the powersource 101 to a first capacitor bank 300 a, the power management system100 can discharge the current from a second capacitor bank 300 b to thefirst battery 206 when the first battery 206 voltage falls below the setreference voltage as shown in FIG. 2 a and FIG. 2 b. At the same time orat a different time, the power management system 100 can discharge thecurrent from a third capacitor bank 300 c to the second battery 213 whenthe second battery 213 falls below the set reference voltage as shown inFIG. 2 a and FIG. 2 b. If the second capacitor bank 300 b no longerdischarges current to the first battery 206 or falls below a capacitorbank threshold (e.g., optimal capacitor voltage) the power managementsystem 100 can switch the first capacitor bank 300 a with the secondcapacitor bank 300 b such that the first capacitor bank 300 a dischargescurrent to the first battery 206 and the power source 101 sends energyto the second capacitor bank 300 b as shown in FIG. 2 c. If none of thepower sources 101 have an input current, the power management system 100can select between the first battery 206 and/or the second battery 213to power the device 200 based on which battery has the highest voltage.The power management system 100 can constantly (e.g., continuously,uninterrupted) charge the batteries and the capacitors. The powermanagement system 100 can constantly power the device 200. The capacitorbank threshold can be between 0 V to about 3 V, for example, about 1 V,about 2 V, about 2.5 V, or about 3 V.

Any one component or a combination of components can achieve such aresult. For example, the automatic power management circuits 201, 221can select the power source 101 with the highest input. The supercharging circuits 103, 109 can send energy from the power source 101 tothe capacitor bank 300. The current management circuits 105, 110 canmanage the power to the device 200.

FIG. 3 a illustrates that the power management system 100 can have amanual override circuit (MOC). The MOC can be within the automatic powermanagement circuits 201, 221. The power management system 100 can allowa user 227 to manually select the power source 101. The user 227 can usea graphical user interface (GUI) 228 to select the power source 101. TheGUI 228 can send a software command to an application programminginterface (API) 229. The API 229 can create a low level I/O controlsignal. The API 229 can send the low level I/O control signal to theautomatic management circuits 201, 221. The automatic managementcircuits 201, 221 can activate the manual override circuit to select thepower source 101. The MOC can disable (e.g., override) the auto-selectof the automatic power management circuits 201, 221.

FIG. 3 b and FIG. 3 c illustrate that the power management system 100can select the power source with the highest input current. Theautomatic power management circuits 201, 221 can continuously determinethe input current of each power sources 101 a, 101 b. The automaticpower management circuits 201, 221 can periodically determine the inputcurrent of each power source 101 a, 101 b. For example, the automaticpower management circuits 201, 221 can determine the input current ofthe power sources 101 a, 101 b about every 1 minute, 2 minutes, 30minutes, 45 minutes, or 1 hour. The power source 101 selected by theautomatic power management circuits 201, 221 can charge the firstbattery 206, the second battery 213, the device 200, or any combinationthereof.

FIG. 3 b illustrates that the power sources 101 a, 101 b can beconnected to an input of the automatic power management circuit 201. Thepower source 101 can send current to the automatic power managementcircuit 201. The current from the automatic power management circuit 201can be sent to the super capacitor charging circuit 202. The supercapacitor charging circuit 202 can store the current from the powersource 101. The super capacitor charging circuit 202 can dischargecurrent to the LI-Ion charging circuit 203. The LI-Ion charging circuit203 can trigger the first relay element 204. The first relay element 204can switch the current to the fourth relay element 209. The first relayelement 204 can send the current to the first battery 206. The firstbattery 206 can send current to the power switch 224. The power switch224 can send power to the device 200. The power source 101 can power theGPS transmitter 227.

FIG. 3 c illustrates that the power sources 101 a, 101 b can beconnected to an input of the automatic power management circuit 221. Thepower source 101 can send current to the automatic power managementcircuit 221. The current from the automatic power management circuit 221can be sent to the super capacitor charging circuit 220. The supercapacitor charging circuit 220 can store the input current from thepower source 101. The super capacitor charging circuit 220 can dischargecurrent to the LI-Ion charging circuit 219. The LI-Ion charging circuit219 can trigger the sixth relay element 218. The sixth relay element 218can switch the current via the ninth relay element 215. The sixth relayelement 218 can send the current to the second battery 213. The secondbattery 206 can send current to the power switch 224. The power switch224 can send power to the device 200.

FIG. 4 illustrates the power sources 101 a, 101 b, 101 c, the gate 304,the capacitors 302, the capacitor bank 300, the batteries 206, 213, orany combination thereof. The power source 101 can be solar panels, windturbines, or a fixed line.

The power source 101 can send current to the gate 304. The gate 304 cansend the current from the power source 101 to the capacitor bank 300.The gate 304 can be a microprocessor. The gate 304 can be a switch. Thegate 304 can be logic gates such as comparators as described below. Thegate 304 can have relay elements. The gate 304 can compare the currentsof the power sources 101. The gate 304 can select the power source 101with the highest current.

The power management system 100 can have at least one, two, three, four,five, or more capacitor banks 300. The capacitor bank 300 can have atleast one, two, three, four, five, six or more capacitors 302. Thecapacitor bank 300 can have a total voltage between about 1 V and 16.2V, for example, about 2.7 V, about 5.4 V, about 8.1 V, about 13.5 V, orabout 16.2 V. The capacitor banks 300 can have the same voltages ordifferent voltages. The capacitors 302 can have a voltage between about0.5 V and about 6 V, for example, about 1 V, about 2.7 V, about 3 V, orabout 6 V. The capacitors 302 can have the same voltages or differentvoltages. For example, the power management system 100 can have a firstcapacitor bank 300 a, a second capacitor bank 300 b, and a thirdcapacitor bank 300 c. Each capacitor bank 300 can have five 2.7 Vcapacitors 302. The capacitors can be connected in series. Thecapacitors can be connected in parallel. The capacitor bank 300 candischarge the current to the batteries 206, 213. The capacitor bank 300can send the current to a voltage divider and/or a voltage limiter. Thevoltage divider and/or the voltage limiter can send the current to thebatteries 206, 213.

FIG. 5 illustrates that the power management system 100 can have avoltage regulator 306. The capacitor 302 can be connected to the outputof the voltage regulator 306. The capacitors 302 in each of thecapacitor banks 300 can be connected in series. The capacitors 302 ineach of the capacitor banks 300 can be connected in parallel. Thevoltage regulator output 306 can stack output voltage level at 2.7 V dcincrements. The voltage in the capacitor banks 300 can be receivedand/or discharged in 2.7 V DC increments.

FIGS. 6 a through 9 b illustrate that a power switching method can bebased on the instructions in the logic tables. The instructions in thelogic tables can instruct the system to auto-select the highest inputcurrent source from the multiple input power sources 101 and at the sametime instruct the system to deliver constant and un-interrupted power tothe device 200. The logic table can show the status (e.g., read systemstatus) of the first battery 206, the second battery 213, the firstswitch S1, the second switch S2, the first battery charge block 222, andthe second battery charge block 223. Logic tables can be softwarecommands in memory executed by a microprocessor in the system. Logictables can be representative of hardware architectures such as switches(e.g., comparators such as logic gates, for example, AND gates, ORgates, NOT gates, NAND gates, NOR gates, EOR gates, ENOR gates, orcombinations thereof) in the solid state of the electronics of thesystem such as a motherboard. The logic tables can be executed on ageneral purpose I/O (GIPO) circuit. The GIPO can send and receivesignals to and from the power management system 100. The logic tablesoftware commands and/or the logic table hardware can be located and/orexecuted on the automatic power management circuits 201, 221, thecurrent management circuits 105, 110, or any other component of thepower management system 100. Logic tables can control the switches toroute the current from the capacitors to the batteries. Logic tablescan, for example, direct the components of the system, route current,control the elements of the system, or any combination thereof. When thebattery voltage is greater than or equal to the set reference voltage,the batteries 206, 213 can be fully charged. When the battery voltage isless than or equal to the set reference voltage, the batteries 206, 213can have a low charge.

FIG. 6 a illustrates that when the first battery 206 charge is full, thefirst switch S1 can be turned off. When the second battery 213 charge islow, the second switch S2 can be turned on. Turning the first switch S1off can turn off the charging of the first battery charge block 222.Turning the second switch S2 on can turn on the charging of the secondbattery charge block 223.

FIG. 6 b illustrates that the first battery 206 can send a voltage tothe first voltage detector 207. When the first voltage detector 207detects a voltage above the set reference voltage, then the first outputswitch can be turned off. When the first output switch is turned off,the fourth relay element 209 can be disabled (e.g., triggered) fromcharging the first battery 206. The fourth relay element 209 can disablethe fifth relay element 210. The fifth relay element 210 can disable thefirst relay element 204. The first relay element 204 can disable thesecond relay element 205. While the second relay element 205 isdisabled, the super capacitor charging circuit 202 can send current tothe first current balance control relay 208. The current balance controlrelay 208 can send the current to the eleventh relay element 211. Theeleventh relay element 211 can send current to power the device 200.Disable can mean to stop current flow.

FIG. 6 c illustrates that the second battery 213 can send a voltage tothe second voltage detector 216. When the second voltage detector 216detects a voltage less than the set reference voltage, then the tenthrelay element 214 can be enabled. When the tenth relay element 214 isenabled, the tenth relay element 214 can enable the ninth relay element215. The ninth relay element 215 can enable the sixth relay element 218to charge the second battery 213. The sixth relay element 218 can sendcurrent to the seventh relay element 217. The seventh relay element 217can send current to the second battery 213. Enable can mean to allowcurrent flow.

FIG. 7 a illustrates that when the second battery 213 charge is full,the second switch S2 can be turned off. When the first battery 206charge is low, the first switch S1 can be turned on. Turning the firstswitch S1 on can turn on the charging of the first battery charge block222. Turning the second switch S2 off can turn off the charging of thesecond battery charge block 223.

FIG. 7 b illustrates that the first battery 206 can send a voltage tothe first voltage detector 207. When the first voltage detector 207detects a voltage less than the set reference voltage, then the fourthrelay element 209 can be enabled. When the fourth relay element 209 isenabled, the fourth relay element 209 can enable the fifth relay element210. The fifth relay element 210 can enable the first relay element 204to charge the first battery 206. The first relay element 204 can sendcurrent to the second relay element 205. The second relay element 205can send current to the first battery 206.

FIG. 7 c illustrates that the second battery 213 can send a voltage tothe second voltage detector 216. When the second voltage detector 216detects a voltage above the set reference voltage, then the secondoutput switch can be turned off. When the second output switch is turnedoff, the tenth relay element 214 can be disabled from charging thesecond battery 213. The tenth relay element 214 can disable the sixthrelay element 218. The sixth relay element 218 can disable the seventhrelay element 217. The seventh relay element 217 can disable the twelfthrelay element 212. The twelfth relay element 212 can disable currentfrom passing to the second battery 213. The eleventh relay element 211can send current from the second battery 213 to power the device 200.

FIG. 8 a illustrates that when the first battery 206 charge is low, thefirst switch S1 can be turned on. When the second battery 213 charge islow, the second switch S2 can be turned on. Turning the first switch S1on can turn on the charging of the first battery charge block 222.Turning the second switch S2 on can turn on the charging of the secondbattery charge block 223.

FIG. 8 b illustrates that the first battery 206 can send a voltage tothe first voltage detector 207. When the first voltage detector 207detects a voltage less than the set reference voltage, then the fourthrelay element 209 can be enabled. When the fourth relay element 209 isenabled, the fourth relay element 209 can enable the fifth relay element210. The fifth relay element 210 can enable the first relay element 204to charge the first battery 206. The first relay element 204 can sendcurrent to the second relay element 205. The second relay element 205can send current to the first battery 206.

The second battery 213 can send a voltage to the second voltage detector216. When the second voltage detector 216 detects a voltage less thanthe set reference voltage, then the tenth relay element 214 can beenabled. When the tenth relay element 214 is enabled, the tenth relayelement 214 can enable the ninth relay element 215. The ninth relayelement 215 can enable the sixth relay element 218 to charge the secondbattery 213. The sixth relay element 218 can send current to the seventhrelay element 217. The seventh relay element 217 can send current to thesecond battery 213.

The first battery 206 and the second battery 213 can charge at the sametime. The first battery 206 and the second battery 213 can charge at adifferent time.

FIG. 9 a illustrates that when the first battery 206 charge is full, thefirst switch S1 can be turned off. When the second battery 213 charge isfull, the second switch S2 can be turned off. Turning the first switchS21 off can turn off the charging of the first battery charge block 222.Turning the second switch S2 off can turn off the charging of the secondbattery charge block 223.

FIG. 9 b illustrates that the first battery 206 can send a voltage tothe first voltage detector 207. When the first voltage detector 207detects a voltage above the set reference voltage, then the outputswitch can be turned off. When the output switch is turned off, thefourth relay element 209 can be disabled from charging the first battery206. The fourth relay element 209 can disable the fifth relay element210. The fifth relay element 210 can disable the first relay element204. The first relay element 204 can disable the second relay element205. While the second relay element 205 is disabled, the super capacitorcharging circuit 202 can send current to the first current balancecontrol relay 208. The current balance control relay 208 can send thecurrent to the eleventh relay element 211. The eleventh relay element211 can send current to power the device 200.

At the same time or at a different time, the second battery 213 can senda voltage to the second voltage detector 216. When the second voltagedetector 216 detects a voltage above the set reference voltage, then thesecond output switch can be turned off. When the second output switch isturned off, the tenth relay element 214 can be disabled from chargingthe second battery 213. The tenth relay element 214 can disable theninth relay element 215. The ninth relay element 215 can disable thesixth relay element 218. The sixth relay element 218 can disable theseventh relay element 217. The seventh relay element 217 can disablecurrent from passing to the second battery 213. While the seventh relayelement 217 is disabled, the super capacitor charging circuit 220 cansend current to the tenth relay element 214. The tenth relay element 214can send the current to the eleventh relay element 211. The eleventhrelay element 211 can send current to power the device 200.

FIG. 10 a illustrates that when the power management system 100 isactivated, the thermal control 225 can check the temperature of thedevice 200 and/or the power management system 100. The thermal control225 can check the temperature with temperature sensors. If thetemperature of the device 200 and/or the power management system 100 isgreater than an optimal temperature, then the thermal control 225 canactivate the cooling element 226. The thermal control 225 can check thetemperature continuously or periodically. If the temperature has changedand the temperature is less than the optimal temperature, then thethermal control 225 can deactivate the cooling element 226. If thetemperature has not changed or the temperature is greater than theoptimal temperature, the cooling element 226 can remain activated. Theoptimal temperature can be between about 50° F. and about 350° F. morenarrowly, between about 60° F. and about 300° F., between about 70° F.and about 200° F., between about 80° F. and about 150° F., between about100° F. and about 125° F., for example, about 100° F., or about 205° F.If the temperature of the device 200 and/or the power management system100 is less than the optimal temperature, the thermal control 225 canactivate a heating element. The heating element can be a heater, aheating liquid, a heating gel, a heating rod, or any combinationthereof.

FIG. 10 b illustrates that the power management system 100 can be thermosensor controlled. The first battery 206, the second battery 213, thepower source 101, or any combination thereof can power the thermalcontrol 225.

FIG. 11 illustrates that the GPS transmitter 227 can enable the trackingof the device 200 and/or the power management system 100. The firstbattery 206, the second battery 213, the power source 101, or anycombination thereof can power the GPS transmitter 227.

The relay elements can be, but are not limited to, a relay, a switch, acurrent balance control, solder bridge, jumper, SPDT relay, SPST relay,SPST relay, DIP switch, pushbutton switch, SPDT toggle switch, or anycombination thereof. The relay elements can be connected to anycomponent of the first charger block 222, the second charger block 223,any other component of the power management system 100, any componentmentioned in this application, or any combination thereof.

We claim:
 1. A power management system comprising: a first batteryhaving a first battery voltage; a second battery having a second batteryvoltage; a first capacitor bank attached to the first battery; a secondcapacitor bank attached to the second battery; and a power managementelement configured to route current from the first capacitor bank to thefirst battery when the first battery voltage is less than a first fullbattery voltage, and wherein when the current from the first capacitorbank is routed to the first battery and when the second battery voltageis less than a second full battery voltage the power management elementis configured to route current from the second capacitor bank to thesecond battery.
 2. The system of claim 1, further comprising a satellitenavigation receiver attached to the system.
 3. The system of claim 1,further comprising a power conditioning circuit, wherein the powerconditioning circuit comprises a DC-to-DC converter configured to outputa constant load input current and a constant load input voltage.
 4. Thesystem of claim 1, wherein the system is configured to sense the firstbattery voltage, the second battery voltage, the current from the firstcapacitor bank, and the current from the second capacitor bank.
 5. Thesystem of claim 1, further comprising a first power source and a thirdcapacitor bank, wherein the first power source is configured to deliverenergy to the third capacitor bank.
 6. The system of claim 1, furthercomprising a first power source configured to deliver energy to thefirst capacitor bank or the second capacitor bank.
 7. The system ofclaim 1, wherein the first capacitor bank comprises a first capacitorhaving a first full capacitor voltage, a second capacitor having asecond full capacitor voltage, a third capacitor having a third fullcapacitor voltage, a fourth capacitor having a fourth full capacitorvoltage, and a fifth capacitor having a fifth full capacitor voltage,wherein the first full capacitor voltage, the second full capacitorvoltage, the third full capacitor voltage, the fourth full capacitorvoltage, and the fifth full capacitor voltage have the same voltage. 8.The system of claim 1, wherein the power management element comprises amicroprocessor.
 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the power managementelement comprises a comparator.
 10. The system of claim 1, furthercomprising a voltage divider configured to send the current from thefirst capacitor bank to the first battery in 2.7 volt increments. 11.The system of claim 1, further comprising a voltage divider configuredto send current from the second capacitor bank to the second battery in2.7 volt increments.
 12. The system of claim 1, further comprising atemperature management element and a temperature sensor, wherein thesystem is configured to be cooled when the system detects a temperaturefrom the temperature sensor greater than an optimal temperature.
 13. Thesystem of claim 12, wherein the temperature management element comprisesat least one of a peltier junction or a piezo-electric plate.
 14. Apower management system comprising: a first capacitor bank; a secondcapacitor bank; a first power source configured to deliver energy to thefirst capacitor bank; and a battery, wherein the second capacitor bankis configured to discharge current to the battery.
 15. The system ofclaim 14, further comprising a second power source and a third capacitorbank, wherein the third capacitor bank is configured to receive energyfrom at least one of the first power source or the second power source.16. The system of claim 14, wherein the first power source comprises atleast one of a solar panel, a wind turbine, or a fixed line.
 17. Thesystem of claim 14, wherein the first capacitor bank has less than orequal to 13.5 V.
 18. The system of claim 14, further comprising asatellite navigation receiver attached to the system.
 19. A method forcharging a first battery and a second battery; charging a first batterywith a first capacitor bank; charging a second battery with a thirdsecond capacitor bank; receiving current from a power source to a thirdcapacitor bank; and switching the third capacitor bank with the firstcapacitor bank when the first capacitor bank is less than an optimalcapacitor voltage such that the first capacitor is receiving currentfrom the power source and the third capacitor bank is changing the firstbattery.
 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the optimal capacitorvoltage is from 0 V to 2 V.